Bruxism or Grinding "gnashing of teeth") is characterized by the grinding of the teeth and is typically accompanied by the clenching of the jaw. It is an oral parafunctional activity that occurs in most humans at some time in their lives. Bruxism is one of the most common sleep disorders.

Associated factors

The following factors are associated with bruxism:

1- Disturbed sleep patterns and other sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea, hypopnea, snoring, moderate daytime sleepiness)

2- Malocclusion, in which the upper and lower teeth occlude in a disharmonic way, e.g., through premature contact of back teeth

3- Relatively high levels of consumption of caffeinated drinks and foods, such as coffee, colas, and chocolate

4- High levels of blood alcohol

5- Smoking

6- High levels of anxiety, stress, work-related stress, irregular work shifts, stressful profession and ineffective coping strategies

7- Drug use, such as SSRIs and stimulants, including methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylphenidate and other amphetamines, including those taken for medical reasons

 Treatment There is no single accepted cure for bruxism. However, treatments are available. Bruxism may be reduced or even eliminated when the associated factors, e.g., sleep disorders, are treated successfully.

A dental splint is a  way to reduce the damage to teeth.